REVIEW
Os doze pares de nervos cranianos são responsáveis por realizar conexão com o encéfalo e conduzir informações, além de controlar atividades da região de cabeça e pescoço, das vísceras torácicas e abdominais. A compreensão das relações anatômicas dos nervos cranianos, dada sua ampla distribuição neurofuncional, e o entendimento de sua vascularização se faz necessário para melhor elucidação de processos patológicos e instituição de novas formas de intervenção terapêutica. Assim, a presente revisão objetivou explicar como se dá a vascularização, sobretudo arterial, dos nervos cranianos, bem como as relações clínicas desse processo. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura especializada nas plataformas PubMed e BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) a partir dos termos “vascularization” and “cranial nerves”. Por receberem suprimento vascular de uma vasta rede, com diferentes vias de anastomose, os nervos cranianos precisam ser estudados de forma individualizada em relação aos conjuntos vasculares que os irrigam. Esse estudo permite a compreensão dos possíveis déficits associados à perda de suprimento arterial específica de cada território, como ocorrem em acidentes vasculares encefálicos isquêmicos em suas mais variadas localizações.
The cranial nerves are responsible for establishing brain connections and conducting information, in addition to controlling activities, in the head and neck region, thoracic and abdominal viscera. The understanding of the anatomical relationships of the cranial nerves given their wide neurofunctional distribution and the understanding of their vascularization is necessary for a better elucidation of pathological processes and the institution of new ways of therapeutic intervention. Thus, the present review aimed to explain how vascularization, especially arterial, of the cranial nerves occurs, as well as the clinical relationships of this process. For this, a review of specialized literature was carried out on the Pubmed and Virtual Health Library (BVS - Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) database searching on the terms “vascularization” and “cranial nerves”. As they receive vascular supply from a vast network, with different anastomosis pathways, cranial nerves need to be studied individually in relation to the vascular nets that irrigate them. Allowing the understanding of possible deficits associated with the loss of arterial supply specific to each territory, as occurs in ischemic strokes in their most varied locations.
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1 Medicine student, Medicine Course, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru (PE), Brazil.
2 Medicine student, Medicine Course, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió (AL), Brazil.
3 MD, Neurosrgeon, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Received Dec 20, 2022
Accepted Jan 11, 2023