REVIEW

Pediatric Ependymoma Treatment: where are we today?

Tratamento para Ependimoma Pediátrico: revisão de literatura

  • Aline Rabelo Rodrigues 1    Aline Rabelo Rodrigues 1
  • Danielly Maximino da Rocha 2    Danielly Maximino da Rocha 2
  • Gabriel Bagarolo Petronilho 2    Gabriel Bagarolo Petronilho 2
  • Carolina Carmona Pinheiro Machado 3    Carolina Carmona Pinheiro Machado 3
  • Monique Benemérita Vilela Gomes 4    Monique Benemérita Vilela Gomes 4
  • Aline Saré 5    Aline Saré 5
  • Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero 6    Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero 6
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Resumo

Introdução: Ependimomas são o segundo tumor pediátrico mais comum do sistema nervoso central, com origem das células da glia, e têm alta incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 4 anos. Foram classificados em graus I, II e III pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, em 2016, e a partir desta classificação juntamente com as características do tumor e a evolução do paciente, é individualizada e construída a melhor linha de tratamento para cada situação. Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre os tratamentos existentes para ependimomas pediátricos. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com pesquisa nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs com os descritores “tratamento ependimoma pediátrico” e “pediatric ependymoma treatment”, utilizando textos em inglês e português no período de 5 anos (2018 a 2022), independente do gênero e faixa etária da criança, sendo excluídos resumos, artigos não disponíveis gratuitamente, editoriais, cartas ao editor, artigos duplicados, capítulos de livro e ausência de inovações nos tratamentos. Resultados: Ao final, 14 artigos foram selecionados para a revisão, dos quais se conclui que o tratamento principal continua sendo a exérese total e, quando não for possível, a reabordagem cirúrgica e/ou radioterapia, sendo esta essencial na exérese subtotal, metástases e casos inoperáveis. Por fim, vê-se a necessidade de estudos com maior coorte, avaliando os diferentes tratamentos e sua eficácia em casos diversos.

Palavras-chave

Ependimoma; Tumores cerebrais pediátricos; Tratamento do câncer; Neurocirurgia pediátrica

Abstract

Background: Ependymomas are the second most common pediatric central nervous system tumors with origin from glial cells, with a high incidence in the 0-4 age group. They are histologically classified into grades I, II and III by the World Health Organization (WHO) and, by associating this classification with other characteristics of the tumor and the patient the best option of treatment is constructed, individualizing each situation. Objective: This study aims to conduct a literature review of current treatments for pediatric ependymomas. Methods: The review was made searching the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) databases with the keywords “tratamento ependymoma pediátrico” and “ependymoma treatment pediatric”, including texts in Portuguese and English, from 2018 to 2022, regardless of gender and age group of the child. Abstracts, editorials, duplicate articles, chapters, non free access articles and those that lack treatment innovations were not included. Results: At the end, 17 articles were selected for the review, which concluded that the main treatment remains the total resection, and when this is not possible, surgical reapproach and/or radiotherapy, which is essential in subtotal exeresis, metastases and inoperable cases. Finally, there is a need for studies with a larger cohort, evaluating the different treatments and their effectiveness in different cases.

Keywords

Ependymoma; Pediatric brain tumor; Cancer treatment; Pediatric neurosurgery

References

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1Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil.

2Medical Student, Department of Medicine, University Center Assis Gurgacz College, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.

3Medical Student, Department of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.

4Medical Student, Department of Medicine, University Federal University of Piauí, Picos, PI, Brazil.

5MD, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Americas Medical Group, Division of Neurosurgery, Ipanema Federal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

6MD, Neurosurgeon, Assistant Professor, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

 

Received Apr 25, 2023

Accepted Jun 5, 2023

JBNC  Brazilian Journal of Neurosurgery

JBNC
  •   ISSN (print version): 0103-5118
  •   e-ISSN (online version): 2446-6786
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