Foster-Kennedy Syndrome: literature review and development of a diagnostic algorithm

Resumo

A Síndrome de Foster-Kennedy (SFK) é uma desordem neurológica caracterizada por atrofia do disco óptico, papiledema contralateral e anosmia, frequentemente associada a lesões expansivas da fossa craniana anterior, como meningiomas. A Pseudo-Síndrome de Foster Kennedy (PSFK) simula a SFK, mas é causada por condições outras que geram edema do disco óptico e atrofia óptica unilateral. Visando auxiliar o diagnóstico da SFK e o diagnóstico diferencial com causas de PSFK, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo diagnóstico a partir da revisão de 79 artigos do PubMed sobre SFK, com 20 selecionados para este estudo. Esta revisão busca facilitar o reconhecimento das diferenças clínicas entre SFK e PSFK e suas diversas causas. Também enfatiza a necessidade da interdisciplinaridade entre oftalmologistas, otorrinolaringologistas e médicos generalistas para a detecção precoce da síndrome. Ademais, o algoritmo diagnóstico proposto objetiva guiar a investigação de pacientes com sintomas sugestivos, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico e manejo precoces, a fim de evitar sequelas.

Palavras-chave

Síndrome de Foster Kennedy; Pseudo Foster Kennedy; Papiledema unilateral; Atrofia óptica

Abstract

Foster-Kennedy Syndrome (FKS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as unilateral optic disc atrophy, contralateral papilledema, and anosmia, often associated with tumors like meningiomas in the anterior cranial fossa. Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome (PFKS) mimics FKS but is caused by various other conditions, leading to optic disc edema and unilateral optic nerve atrophy. To improve diagnosis, a diagnostic algorithm was developed from a review of 79 PubMed articles on FKS, with 20 ultimately included in the study. This review highlighted the importance of recognizing the clinical differences between FKS and PFKS and their diverse causes. It also emphasized the need for cross-specialty awareness among ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and general physicians for early detection. The proposed diagnostic algorithm guides investigations for patients with specific symptoms, underscoring the critical role of timely referral and management. The study calls for increased awareness and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure optimal care for patients with FKS or similar conditions, highlighting the significance of education and communication across medical fields.

Keywords

Foster-Kennedy Syndrome; Pseudo-Foster Kennedy; Unilateral papilledema; Optic atrophy

References

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Foster-Kennedy Syndrome: literature review and development of a diagnostic algorithm

Síndrome de Foster-Kennedy: revisão da literatura e algoritmo diagnóstico

Resumo

Palavras-chave

Abstract

Keywords

References

JBNC Brazilian Journal of Neurosurgery

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