REVIEW
Introdução: Até 85% das pessoas sofrem de dor nas costas ou ciatalgia em algum momento da vida, podendo ser causada por fatores traumáticos, posturais ou degenerativos. A hérnia discal é uma das principais causas degenerativas de lombalgia mundialmente, podendo ser abordada cirurgicamente pela discectomia percutânea endoscópica (DPE) nos últimos anos, um procedimento minimamente invasivo. Este estudo analisa as complicações mais frequentes dessa operação, além de abordar um relato de caso com complicação atípica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo o protocolo PRISMA, através da busca na plataforma PubMed, com artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. O caso clínico foi obtido por análise retrospectiva de prontuário e complementação dos dados pelo cirurgião. Resultados: Obteve-se 5171 pacientes submetidos a alguma técnica da DPE, sendo relatada complicação em 553 pacientes, cerca de 10,69% do total, com complicações mais frequentes a recorrência, disco residual, dormência, disestesia, dor temporária, lesão nervosa, entre outras. O relato de caso descreve um edema pulmonar agudo intra-cirúrgico. Conclusão: A DPE é uma cirurgia segura, apresentando taxa de complicações baixa, de grau leve, acometendo cerca de 10% dos pacientes na busca direcionada de artigos apresentando complicações, obtendo-se uma descrição aproximada das complicações mais frequentes possíveis desse procedimento.
Introduction: Up to 85% of people suffer from back pain or sciatica at some point in their lives, which may be caused by traumatic, postural or degenerative factors. Disc herniation is one of the main degenerative causes of low back pain worldwide, and it can be surgically addressed by percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in recent years, a minimally invasive procedure. This study analyzes the most frequent complications of this operation, in addition to addressing a case report with an atypical complication. Methods: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol, through a search on the PubMed platform with articles published in the last 5 years. The clinical case was obtained by retrospective analysis of medical records and data completion by the surgeon. Results: A total of 5171 patients were submitted to some PELD technique, with complications reported in 553 patients, about 10.69% of the total, being the more frequent complications: recurrence, residual disc, numbness, dysesthesia, temporary pain, nerve injury, among others. The case report describes an intra-surgical acute pulmonary edema. Conclusion: PELD is a safe surgery, with a low complication rate, of a mild degree, affecting about 10% of patients in the targeted search for articles with complications, obtaining an approximate description of the most frequent possible complications of this procedure.
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1Medical student, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – UFCG, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
2Orthopedist, Spine specialist, Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra, Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, São Luiz, MA, Brazil.
3Medical student, Universidade Unichristus, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
4Neurosurgeon, PhD degree in Biotechnology, Professor, Department of Medicine, Dom Bosco University – UNDB, São Luiz, MA, Brazil.
Received Sep 12, 2022
Accepted Oct 18, 2022
