REVIEW
Os aneurismas do seio cavernoso são patologias importantes dentro da prática médica, especialmente dentro da neurocirurgia, pois podem levar a maiores danos se não forem tratados corretamente. Esta patologia requer mais estudos para desmistificar a sua fisiopatologia, bem como os seus principais fatores de risco. No entanto, atualmente podemos elencar alguns fatores preocupantes para o surgimento de aneurismas do seio cavernoso, tais como sexo feminino e idade superior a 65 anos. Essa lesão é considerada benigna, mas requer tratamento ideal para evitar complicações como rutura, que pode levar à fístula carotideo-cavernosa direta, além de epistaxe, paralisia motora ocular, baixa acuidade visual, entre outras. Após atualizações médicas e propostas de tratamentos para a oclusão desses aneurismas, verificou-se que, atualmente, o melhor método com menores taxas de complicações, morbidade, mortalidade e recidivas é o tratamento endovascular, que tem se mostrado mais seguro para o paciente no pós-operatório. e com melhor recuperação.
Cavernous sinus aneurysms are important pathologies within medical practice, especially within neurosurgery, as they can lead to greater damage if not treated correctly. This pathology requires further studies to demystify its pathophysiology, as well as its main risk factors. However, we can currently list some worrying factors for the onset of cavernous sinus aneurysms, such as female gender and age over 65 years. Such an injury is considered benign, but requires optimal treatment to avoid complications such as rupture, which can lead to direct carotid-cavernous fistula, as well as epistaxis, ocular motor paralysis, lower visual acuity, among others. After medical updates and proposed treatments for the occlusion of such aneurysms, it was seen that currently, the best method with lower rates of complications, morbidity, mortality and recurrences is the endovascular treatment, which has proven to be safer for the patient post-surgery, and with easier recovery.
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1Department of Neurosurgery, Faculdade Atenas, Passos, MG, Brazil.
2Division of Neurosurgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
3Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Received Jan 15, 2025
Corrected Feb 25, 2025
Accepted Mar 10, 2025
